I’m mostly concerned with realism in 3D. Making a rendering that people think is a photograph is a goal that makes things harder than they probably should be. While some may say that materials create realism, my vote is that lighting makes a bigger difference.
I’ll start out by saying that I am a V-Ray biggot. Finding a good lighting mechanism for realism has made me feel pretty let down by 3ds Max’s built in lights. My philosophy with regard to scenes is to use as few lights as possible, and obviously as few polys as possible as well. I have contemporaries that fill scenes with lots of lights, all kinds of lights, in an effort to make a scene lit properly. Even after I introduce them to Photometric lights, they can’t break the habit.